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Index to Authorizing Mothers

Elizabeth Shanklin's essay, Authorizing Mothers: A Study of the First Maternal Association of Utica, New York, 1824-1833 appeared in the Crooked Lake Review between Fall 2003 and Spring 2005.

Part I: Introduction

Part II: Status of the Founding Members' Families

Part III: The First Presbyterian Church in Utica

Part IV: Calvinist Childrearing Methodology

Part V: Calvinist Childrearing Methodology (continued)

Part VI: Women of the First Maternal Association

Part VII: The Maternal Association's Success

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